Campi Flegrei, also known as the Phlegraean Fields, is a sprawling volcanic area near Naples, Italy. Recently, this region has seen a marked increase in seismic activity, raising concerns about the potential for an eruption. The area has experienced two strong earthquakes in a short span, indicating heightened volcanic unrest. The ground around Campi Flegrei has been gradually rising, a phenomenon known as “bradyseism,” which often precedes volcanic activity. This uplift has been ongoing since the 1950s and has accelerated in recent years, suggesting that the volcanic system beneath is becoming increasingly unstable.
Understanding a Supervolcano
A supervolcano is capable of producing an eruption with a magnitude of 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), expelling over 240 cubic miles of material. While Campi Flegrei hasn’t produced an eruption of this scale, its potential for significant volcanic activity is undeniable. The largest known eruption of Campi Flegrei occurred around 39,000 years ago, releasing up to 70 cubic miles of material. The current seismic activity indicates that the magma chamber beneath the caldera is under considerable pressure, increasing the likelihood of an eruption.
Potential Consequences of an Eruption
If Campi Flegrei were to erupt, the consequences could be catastrophic. An eruption could release large amounts of volcanic ash and gases into the atmosphere, potentially disrupting air travel and affecting climate patterns. Locally, the eruption could cause widespread damage to infrastructure, endanger lives, and lead to mass evacuations. The release of gases like sulfur dioxide and fluorine could have severe environmental impacts, including the poisoning of water sources and agricultural land.
Preparing for the Worst
Authorities in Italy have been monitoring Campi Flegrei closely, updating evacuation plans and assessing the structural integrity of buildings in the area. Despite the increased activity, predicting the exact timing and scale of an eruption remains challenging. Volcanologists use a combination of seismic readings and ground deformation measurements to gauge the likelihood of an eruption, but the complex nature of volcanic systems means there is always a degree of uncertainty.
By staying informed and prepared, you can better understand the risks associated with living near a supervolcano like Campi Flegrei and take necessary precautions in the event of increased volcanic activity.